Paraphrase trong IELTS bài tập kèm đáp án chi tiết

Paraphrase là gì

Paraphrase hiểu 1 cách đơn giản là viết lại 1 câu (dùng từ đồng nghĩa, hay các cấu trúc khác,…) mà không làm thay đổi nghĩa của câu gốc.

Ví dụ:

• Câu gốc: People are consuming more and more sugar-based drinks. (Người ta ngày càng tiêu thụ nhiều thức uống có đường.)
• Câu đã được paraphrase: The consumption of sugary drinks has significantly increased in recent years. (Việc tiêu thụ thức uống có đường đã tăng mạnh trong những năm gần đây.)

Hai câu trên có nghĩa tương đương nhau, nhưng từ vựng sử dụng là khác nhau.

Huyền đã có một bài viết chi tiết về paraphrase và 5 cách paraphrase trong IELTS, bạn có thể xem bài viết chi tiết tại đây nhé.

Bài tập paraphrase trong IELTS

1. Some people believe that environmental protection is the responsibility of politicians, not individuals as individuals can do too little.
2. In many cities the use of video cameras in public places is being increased in order to reduce crime.
3. In the modern world, it is no longer necessary to use animals for food, clothing or medicine. 
4. Some people believe that developments in the field of artificial intelligence will have a positive impact on our lives in the near future. 
5. The use of social media is replacing face-to-face interaction among many people in society.
6. In the developed world, average life expectancy is increasing.
7. The diagram below shows one way of manufacturing ceramic pots.
8. The bar chart shows the percentage of young people in higher education in 2000, 2005 and 2010.
9. The bar chart below shows the percentage of Australian men and women in different age groups who did regular physical activity in 2010.
10. The bar chart below shows the top ten countries for the production and consumption of electricity in 2014.

Đáp án tham khảo Paraphrase trong IELTS

Ví dụ #1

Some people believe that environmental protection is the responsibility of politicians, not individuals as individuals can do too little.

Some people believe that	→ It is believed that
environmental protection	→ solve environmental problems
is the responsibility of politicians, not individuals	→ only governments have the power to …

→ It is believed that only governments have the power to solve environmental problems that are posing serious threats to today’s world.

Ví dụ #2

In many cities the use of video cameras in public places is being increased in order to reduce crime.

In many cities	→ in many major cities around the world
video cameras	→ surveillance cameras
reduce crime	→ crime deterrence

The use of surveillance cameras as crime deterrence is being increased in many major cities around the world. 

Ví dụ #3

In the modern world, it is no longer necessary to use animals for food, clothing or medicine. 

In the modern world,	→these days,
it is no longer necessary to	→ we no longer need to
use animals for food, clothing or medicine	→ use products from animals, such as food, clothing items or even medicine

These days, we no longer need to use products from animals, such as food, clothing items or even medicine.

Ví dụ #4

Some people believe that developments in the field of artificial intelligence will have a positive impact on our lives in the near future. 

Some people believe that	→ It is argued that
developments in …	→ advances in …
have a positive impact	→ bring a range of benefits
in the near future	→ in the foreseeable future

It is argued that advances in artificial intelligence (AI) will bring a range of benefits in the foreseeable future. 

Ví dụ #5

The use of social media is replacing face-to-face interaction among many people in society.

face-to-face interaction	→ face-to-face communication
The use of social media	→ online conversations using social media apps, such as Facebook, WhatsApp or Tumblr
among many people in society	→ These days,

These days, face-to-face communication is being replaced with online conversations using social media apps, such as Facebook, WhatsApp or Tumblr. 

Ví dụ #6

In the developed world, average life expectancy is increasing.

In the developed world,	→ Many developed countries
… is increasing	→ are experiencing substantial increases in …

Many developed countries are experiencing substantial increases in life expectancy. 

Ví dụ #7

The diagram below shows one way of manufacturing ceramic pots.

shows	→ illustrates
one way of manufacturing ceramic pots	→ how ceramic pots are manufactured

The diagram illustrates how ceramic pots are manufactured.

Ví dụ #8

The bar chart shows the percentage of young people in higher education in 2000, 2005 and 2010.

shows	→ compares
the percentage of	→ the proportion of
young people in higher education	→ young people entering higher education
in 2000, 2005 and 2010	→ in three years, 2000, 2005 and 2010

The bar chart compares the proportion of young people entering higher education in three years, 2000, 2005 and 2010.

Ví dụ #9

The bar chart below shows the percentage of Australian men and women in different age groups who did regular physical activity in 2010.

shows	→ compares
the percentage of	→ the proportion of
Australian men and women in different age groups	→ people in Australia//according to age and gender
who did regular physical activity	→ who exercised on a regular basis

The bar chart compares the proportion of people in Australia who exercised on a regular basis in 2010, according to age and gender.

Ví dụ #10

The bar chart below shows the top ten countries for the production and consumption of electricity in 2014.

shows	→ compares
the top ten countries	→ 10 highest-ranking countries
for the production and consumption of electricity	→ in terms of electricity generation and consumption

The bar chart compares 10 highest-ranking countries in terms of electricity generation and consumption in 2014.

Tầm quan trọng của Paraphrase trong IELTS

Kỹ năng paraphrase rất quan trọng trong IELTS, bạn sẽ cần tới kỹ năng này khi làm IELTS Listening (đặc biệt Part 3), IELTS Reading (trong cả 3 passage), Speaking (để tránh lặp lại các từ trong câu hỏi) và Writing (cả Task 1 và 2 – đặc biệt phần mở bài).

Paraphrase trong IELTS Listening

Trong 4 phần của IELTS Listening, Huyền thấy mình sẽ cần kỹ năng paraphrase nhiều nhất trong Part 3 – phần chứa rất nhiều cụm từ đồng nghĩa.

Ví dụ:

Câu hỏi: What do they decide to check with their tutor?

1. whether their aim is appropriate
2. whether anyone else has chosen the topic
3. whether the assignment contributes to their final grades

Transcript:

Jack: Yeah. We need to have a word with the tutor if we’re going to go ahead with it though. I’m sure our aim’s ok. It’s not very ambitious but the assignment’s only ten percent of our final mark, isn’t it? But we need to be sure we’re the only one doing it.

Emma: Yeah, it’s only five percent actually, but it’d be a bit boring if everyone was doing it.

Paraphrase trong IELTS Reading

Đối với IELTS Reading, chúng ta cần kỹ năng paraphrase trong cả 3 passage, bài nào cũng tràn ngập từ đồng nghĩa.

Ví dụ: True/ False/ Not Given

• Câu hỏi: He took legal action against those who tried to copy.
• Câu chứa đáp án trong bài: He was also quick to sue anyone who pirated his stunts.

→ TRUE

Nếu không biết từ đồng nghĩa, chúng ta khó mà tìm ra được đáp án cho các câu hỏi.

Paraphrase trong IELTS Speaking

Trong IELTS Speaking, chúng ta thường áp dụng kỹ năng paraphrase để tránh lặp lại các từ trong câu hỏi.

Ví dụ: When do you need to concentrate the most?

Thay thì lặp lại cụm từ concentrate the most, mình có thể dùng cụm từ focus 100% on … hay stay focused  Mình cũng có thể paraphrase cụm need to thành it’s necessary to.

There are many situations when I need to focus 100% on what I’m doing. For instance, it is necessary to stay focused all the time when I’m driving on the road, to avoid accidents or other dangerous situations.

Paraphrase trong IELTS Writing

Đối với IELTS Writing, ngay khi viết mở bài chúng ta đã cần vận dụng kỹ năng paraphrase rồi. 10 ví dụ bên trên chính là những ví dụ trong IELTS Writing.

Trên đây là một số ví dụ, bài tập paraphrase trong IELTS, hy vọng rằng bài viết hữu ích với bạn nhé.